Ovarian cancer is a serious and often misunderstood condition that affects the ovaries, the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. Though it is less common than other gynecologic cancers, ovarian cancer is the deadliest due to its tendency to go undetected until it has reached an advanced stage. This is largely because the symptoms are often vague or mimic other common conditions. At May-Grant OB/GYN, we believe awareness is key to early detection and better outcomes for women in Lancaster and surrounding areas.
There are several types of ovarian cancer, but the most prevalent is epithelial ovarian cancer, which begins in the cells on the surface of the ovary. Other less common types include germ cell tumors, which start in the egg-producing cells, and stromal tumors, which form in the hormone-producing tissues. Each type requires specific diagnostic and treatment approaches, and early identification significantly increases the likelihood of successful treatment. Our providers work closely with patients to ensure timely evaluations and comprehensive care plans.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Ovarian cancer is known for being elusive in its early stages. Unlike cancers with more obvious signs, ovarian cancer often causes subtle symptoms that many women overlook or attribute to other issues like stress, diet, or gastrointestinal concerns. However, paying attention to changes and acting on persistent symptoms can make a significant difference in diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
Common symptoms of ovarian cancer include:
- Bloating or abdominal swelling
- Pelvic or abdominal pain
- Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
- Urinary urgency or frequency
- Fatigue, back pain, and changes in bowel habits
These symptoms are not exclusive to ovarian cancer, which makes them challenging to interpret. However, if they are new, frequent (occurring more than 12 times a month), and persistent for several weeks, it’s important to seek medical evaluation. At May-Grant OB/GYN, we encourage women to trust their instincts and consult with our providers if anything feels abnormal or unresolved.
Understanding Risk Factors
While the exact cause of ovarian cancer remains unknown, certain risk factors can increase a woman’s likelihood of developing the disease. Age is one of the most significant factors, with the majority of ovarian cancers occurring in women over 50. A family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer also increases risk, particularly if linked to inherited gene mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2.
Other contributing factors include endometriosis, never having been pregnant, early menstruation or late menopause, and the use of certain fertility drugs or hormone replacement therapies. That said, many women with no known risk factors still develop ovarian cancer, while others with multiple risks may never face the disease. For this reason, regular gynecologic exams and open conversations with healthcare providers are essential. At May-Grant OB/GYN, we provide genetic counseling and testing when appropriate, helping women understand their personal risk and explore preventative strategies.
Diagnostic Approaches and Screening
Unlike some cancers, there is currently no routine screening test for ovarian cancer in the general population. This makes awareness of symptoms and risk factors all the more critical. When ovarian cancer is suspected, a combination of diagnostic tools may be used. These often include pelvic exams, transvaginal ultrasound, and blood tests such as CA-125, a protein that may be elevated in women with ovarian cancer. However, CA-125 is not a definitive test, as levels can be raised in other conditions as well.
If these initial tests raise concern, imaging studies like CT or MRI scans may be used to evaluate the ovaries and surrounding organs. In many cases, a biopsy or surgical procedure may be required to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the disease. At May-Grant OB/GYN, our team collaborates with oncology specialists to ensure that every patient receives accurate testing and a timely diagnosis, laying the foundation for an effective treatment plan.
Treatment Options and Personalized Care
Treatment for ovarian cancer typically involves a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. The goal of surgery is to remove as much of the tumor as possible, which may include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and surrounding tissues depending on the stage and spread of the disease. Chemotherapy is often administered after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells, and in some cases, it may be given before surgery to shrink tumors and make them easier to remove.
For advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer, targeted therapies and immunotherapies are increasingly being used. These treatments are designed to attack cancer cells more precisely while minimizing damage to healthy cells. Hormone therapy may also be considered for specific types of ovarian tumors. Each woman’s treatment plan is tailored to her specific diagnosis, health status, and personal preferences. At May-Grant OB/GYN, we are committed to walking alongside our patients throughout this journey, offering compassionate care and coordination with leading cancer specialists.
Living With and Beyond Ovarian Cancer
A diagnosis of ovarian cancer can be life-altering, but with the right support and medical care, many women go on to live full and meaningful lives. Recovery and survivorship involve not only managing physical health but also addressing emotional and psychological needs. Common challenges include dealing with fatigue, changes in body image, fertility concerns, and anxiety about recurrence.
Ongoing follow-up care is essential to monitor for signs of recurrence and to manage any long-term side effects of treatment. This may involve routine exams, imaging, and lab work, as well as supportive therapies such as counseling, nutrition support, or pelvic floor rehabilitation. At May-Grant OB/GYN, we provide continued care for survivors and help connect them with resources that promote wellness and healing on every level.
Empowering Women Through Education
Understanding ovarian cancer is the first step toward early detection, effective treatment, and improved outcomes. Too often, women dismiss the early signs or delay care due to uncertainty or fear. By promoting awareness and providing access to comprehensive gynecologic services, May-Grant OB/GYN empowers women in Lancaster and beyond to take control of their health. Whether you’re experiencing symptoms, concerned about your risk, or simply seeking reassurance, our providers are here to support you with personalized, compassionate care every step of the way.
Sources:
Jelovac, D., & Armstrong, D. K. (2011). Recent Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians.
Bast, R. C., et al. (2005). New Biomarkers for the Detection of Ovarian Cancer. Women’s Oncology Review.
Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., & Jemal, A. (2020). Cancer Statistics. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians.
